• PDA Constriction
    • Moderately dilated and mildly hypertrophied right ventricle
    • Moderately dilated right atrium
    • Mild to moderately depressed right ventricular systolic function
    • Small pericardial effusion
  • PDA Constriction
    • Small pericardial effusion
    • Moderate tricuspid regurgitation
    • Mild to moderately depressed right ventricular systolic function
    • Moderately dilated right atrium
    • Moderately dilated and mildly hypertrophied right ventricle
  • PDA Constriction
    • Moderately dilated and hypertrophied right ventricle
    • Moderately dilated right atrium
    • Moderately to severely depressed right ventricular systolic function
    • Elevated RV pressures with bowing of the interventricular septum into the left ventricle
  • PDA Constriction
    • Moderately dilated and hypertrophied right ventricle
    • Moderately dilated right atrium
    • Moderate tricuspid regurgitation
    • Moderately to severely depressed right ventricular systolic function
    • Elevated RV pressures with compression of the left ventricle
  • PDA Constriction
    • Spectral Doppler of tricuspid regurgitation jet revealing elevated right ventricular systolic pressures
  • PDA Constriction
    • Flattened interventricular septal configuration with bowing of the interventricular septum (IVS) into the left ventricle consistent with elevated right ventricular systolic pressures 
    • Moderately to severely depressed right ventricular systolic function
    • Hyperdynamic left ventricular systolic function
  • PDA Constriction
    • Restrictive and tortuous PDA with significant narrowing
    • The star denotes the most narrow region
  • PDA Constriction
    • Restrictive and tortuous PDA with significant narrowing
    • The star denotes the most narrow region
    • Flow turbulence with continuous flow noted in constricted portion of PDA
  • PDA Constriction
    • Spectral Doppler in a PDA with ductal constriction
    • Increased peak systolic (3.5 meters/sec) and diastolic velocities with a decreased pulsatility index (1.7)
    • These findings meet criteria for ductal constriction
  • PDA Constriction
    • Sweep through aortic arch and PDA
    • Restrictive and tortuous PDA with significant narrowing
    • The star denotes the most narrow region
    • Flow turbulence with continuous flow noted in constricted portion of PDA
  • PDA Constriction
    • Sweep through aortic and ductal arch
    • Flow turbulence with continuous flow noted in constricted portion of PDA
    • The star denotes the most narrow region
    • Restrictive and tortuous PDA with significant narrowing with turbulent continuous flow in constricted PDA
  • PDA Constriction
    • Restrictive and tortuous PDA with significant narrowing
  • PDA Constriction
    • Flow turbulence with continuous flow noted in constricted tortuous portion of PDA
    • Turbulent flow in constricted PDA
  • PDA Constriction
    • Sweep through aortic and ductal arch
    • Restrictive and tortuous PDA with significant narrowing
  • PDA Constriction
    • Restrictive and tortuous PDA
    • Color Doppler demonstrates tortuous PDA with flow turbulence
  • PDA Constriction
    • Spectral Doppler in a PDA with ductal constriction
    • Increased peak systolic (2.5 meters/sec) and diastolic velocities with a decreased pulsatility index (1.58)
    • These findings meet criteria for ductal constriction