• Partial AV Canal
    • Moderate sized primum ASD
    • Mild right atrial and right ventricular dilation
    • Intact inlet ventricular septum with no evidence of an inlet VSD
  • Partial AV Canal
    • Moderate primum ASD with left to right shunting 
    • Mild mitral regurgitation via a cleft in the anterior mitral valve leaflet
    • Mild tricuspid regurgitation
    • Intact ventricular septum with no evidence of an inlet VSD
  • Partial AV Canal
    • Moderate primum ASD with left to right shunting
    • Mild mitral regurgitation (via a cleft in the anterior mitral valve leaflet)

 

Echocardiographic Assessment: Apical 4 Chamber

  • Primum ASD (size, direction of shunting)
  • Right atrial dilation (secondary to left to right shunt across primum ASD)
  • Left atrial dilation (secondary to regurgitation from mitral cleft)
  • Right ventricular dilation (secondary to left to right shunt across primum ASD)
  • Tricuspid valve (stenosis, regurgitation)
  • Mitral valve (cleft, regurgitation, stenosis)
  • Ventricular septum (assess for any evidence of inlet VSD)

  • Transducer placed on apical PMI (4th or 5th intercostal space)
  • Midclavicular line at the apical PMI (point of maximal intensity)
  • Notch at 3 o'clock