- Patent Ductus Arteriosus
- Small PDA with continuous left to right shunting
- Trivial pulmonary regurgitation (narrow red central jet at the site of the pulmonary valve annulus)
Echocardiographic Assessment: Parasternal Long Axis
- PDA diameter (2D and color Doppler)
- measurement of the 2D diameter of the PDA at its narrowest point, usually at the pulmonary end
- Direction of PDA shunting by color and spectral Doppler (left to right, right to left, bidirectional)
- PDA peak velocity
- Left sternal border
- 3rd or 4th intercostal space
- Notch pointed towards the patient's right shoulder (11 o'clock)
- Angle transducer anteriorly towards patient's left shoulder (tilt tail of transducer down)