Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)

• A ventricular septal defect (VSD) is an abnormal communication between the right ventricle and left ventricle
• A VSD can be a single defect or multiple defects.
• A VSD can be found in isolation or associated with numerous variants of congenital heart disease (i.e.- TOF, truncus arteriosis, PA/IVS, transposition of the great arteries)

Epidemiology

• Approximately 20% of all CHD
• Incidence varies widely (5-50/100,000) and is likely underestimated
  • secondary to spontaneous closure of smaller defects in fetal life and early postnatal life
• Slightly greater prevalence in females

Types of VSDs

• Perimembranous (aka paramembranous, membranous) (80%)
• Muscular (aka trabecular) (5–20%)
• Doubly Committed Subarterial (aka conal septal, doubly committed juxta-arterial, subpulmonary, supracristal, outlet) (5–7%)
• Inlet (aka AV canal type) (5–8%)​

 

• • Fetal Ventricular Septal Defect