- Normal leaflet mobility and excursion of mitral and aortic valves
- Normal thickness of the interventricular septum and posterior wall
- Normal left atrial size
- Normal right and left ventricular size and systolic function
- Normal laminar flow across the mitral and aortic valves
- No evidence of mitral or aortic regurgitation.
The parasternal long axis view is a good view to profile the mitral valve, left ventricle and left ventricular outflow tract as well as flow across the mitral and aortic valves.
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- Transducer placed on the left sternal border
- 3rd or 4th intercostal space
- Notch pointed towards the patient's right shoulder (11 o'clock)
- Subaortic membrane
- Mitral valve abnormalities (prolapse, dysplasia, stenosis or regurgitation, systolic anterior motion)
- Ventricular septal defects
- Aortic stenosis or regurgitation
- Left ventricular hypertrophy or dilation
- Left ventricular dysfunction
- Aortic root and ascending aortic dilation
- Pericardial effusion