- Normal appearing distal right ventricular outflow tract
- Thin mobile pulmonary valve leaflets with normal excursion
- Normal sized pulmonary valve and main pulmonary artery
- Confluent normal sized branch pulmonary arteries
- Normal laminar flow across the distal right ventricular outflow tract
- Normal laminar flow across the pulmonary valve, main pulmonary artery and branch pulmonary arteries
- Trivial pulmonary regurgitation (narrow red jet at site of pulmonary valve annulus)
- Pulse wave spectral Doppler at pulmonary valve (envelope below baseline)
- Pulmonary regurgitation (envelope above baseline)
- Normal peak velocity at pulmonary valve (defined as a peak velocity <2.0 meters/sec)
- P = pulse wave Doppler velocity across the pulmonary valve
- E= end diastolic velocity of pulmonary regurgitation
- Pulse wave spectral Doppler in the main pulmonary artery (supravalvar pulmonary region)
- Normal peak velocity demonstrated (defined as a peak velocity <2.0 meters/sec)
- Pulse wave spectral Doppler in the right pulmonary artery
- No evidence of right pulmonary artery stenosis (defined as a peak velocity <2.0 meters/sec)
This view obtained from the parasternal short axis view is an excellent view to profile and assess the pulmonary valve arcitecture, main pulmonary atery and branch pulmonary arteries.
- Left sternal border
- 3rd or 4th intercostal space
- Notch pointing towards the left shoulder (1-2 o'clock)
- Transducer tilted superiorly and medially
- Pulmonary valve abnormality (assess pulmonary stenosis or regurgitation)
- Pulmonary stenosis
- Subvalvar
- Valvar
- Supravalvar
- Tetralogy of Fallot
- Aortopulmonary window
- Branch pulmonary artery stenosis
- Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)